Celebratio Mathematica — McDuff

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D. McDuff: “Displacing Lagrangian toric fibers via probes,” pp. 131–160 in Low-dimensional and symplectic topology (Athens, GA, 18–29 May 2009). Edited by M. Usher. Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics 82. American Mathematical Society (Providence, RI), 2011. MR 2768658 Zbl 1255.53063 ArXiv 0904.1686 incollection

This note studies the geometric structure of monotone moment polytopes (the duals of smooth Fano polytopes) using probes. The latter are line segments that enter the polytope at an interior point of a facet and whose direction is integrally transverse to this facet. A point inside the polytope is displaceable by a probe if it lies less than half way along it. Using a construction due to Fukaya–Oh–Ohta–Ono, we show that every rational polytope has a central point that is not displaceable by probes. In the monotone case, this central point is its unique interior integral point, and we show that every other point is displaceable by probes if and only if the polytope satisfies the star Ewald condition. (This is a strong version of the Ewald conjecture concerning the integral symmetric points in the polytope.) Further, in dimensions up to and including three every monotone polytope is star Ewald. These results are closely related to the Fukaya–Oh–Ohta–Ono calculations of the Floer homology of the Lagrangian fibers of a toric symplectic manifold, and have applications to questions introduced by Entov–Polterovich about the displaceability of these fibers.