W. Haken :
Ein topologischer Satz über die Einbettung \( (d{-}1) \) -dimensionaler Mannigfaltigkeiten in \( d \) -dimensionale Mannigfaltigkeiten
[A topological theorem about the embedding of \( (d{-}1) \) -dimensional manifolds in \( d \) -dimensional manifolds ].
Ph.D. thesis ,
University of Kiel ,
1955 .
Advised by K.-H. Weise .
phdthesis
People
BibTeX
@phdthesis {key29653958,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Ein topologischer {S}atz \"uber die
{E}inbettung \$(d{-}1)\$-dimensionaler
{M}annigfaltigkeiten in \$d\$-dimensionale
{M}annigfaltigkeiten [A topological
theorem about the embedding of \$(d{-}1)\$-dimensional
manifolds in \$d\$-dimensional manifolds]},
SCHOOL = {University of Kiel},
YEAR = {1955},
NOTE = {Advised by K.-H. Weise.},
}
W. Haken :
“Theorie der Normalflächen: Ein Isotopiekriterium für den Kreisknoten ”
[Theory of normal surfaces: An isotopic criterion for the circular knot ],
Acta Math.
105 : 3–4
(1961 ),
pp. 245–375 .
MR
141106
Zbl
0100.19402
article
BibTeX
@article {key141106m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Theorie der {N}ormalfl\"achen: {E}in
{I}sotopiekriterium f\"ur den {K}reisknoten
[Theory of normal surfaces: {A}n isotopic
criterion for the circular knot]},
JOURNAL = {Acta Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Acta Mathematica},
VOLUME = {105},
NUMBER = {3--4},
YEAR = {1961},
PAGES = {245--375},
DOI = {10.1007/BF02559591},
NOTE = {MR:141106. Zbl:0100.19402.},
ISSN = {0001-5962},
}
W. Haken :
“Ein Verfahren zur Aufspaltung einer 3-Mannigfaltigkeit in irreduzible 3-Mannigfaltigkeiten ”
[A method for splitting a 3-manifold into irreducible 3-manifolds ],
Math. Z.
76 : 1
(December 1961 ),
pp. 427–467 .
MR
141108
Zbl
0111.18803
article
BibTeX
@article {key141108m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Ein {V}erfahren zur {A}ufspaltung einer
3-{M}annigfaltigkeit in irreduzible
3-{M}annigfaltigkeiten [A method for
splitting a 3-manifold into irreducible
3-manifolds]},
JOURNAL = {Math. Z.},
FJOURNAL = {Mathematische Zeitschrift},
VOLUME = {76},
NUMBER = {1},
MONTH = {December},
YEAR = {1961},
PAGES = {427--467},
DOI = {10.1007/BF01210988},
NOTE = {MR:141108. Zbl:0111.18803.},
ISSN = {0025-5874},
}
W. Haken :
“Über das Homöomorphieproblem der 3-Mannigfaltigkeiten, I ”
[On the homomorphism problem for 3-manifolds, I ],
Math. Z.
80 : 1
(December 1962 ),
pp. 89–120 .
MR
160196
Zbl
0106.16605
article
BibTeX
@article {key160196m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {\"{U}ber das {H}om\"oomorphieproblem
der 3-{M}annigfaltigkeiten, {I} [On
the homomorphism problem for 3-manifolds,
{I}]},
JOURNAL = {Math. Z.},
FJOURNAL = {Mathematische Zeitschrift},
VOLUME = {80},
NUMBER = {1},
MONTH = {December},
YEAR = {1962},
PAGES = {89--120},
DOI = {10.1007/BF01162369},
NOTE = {MR:160196. Zbl:0106.16605.},
ISSN = {0025-5874},
}
W. Haken :
“On homotopy 3-spheres ,”
Ill. J. Math.
10 : 1
(1966 ),
pp. 159–178 .
Reprinted in Ill. J. Math. 60 :1 (2016) .
MR
219072
Zbl
0131.20704
article
Abstract
BibTeX
A homotopy 3-sphere \( M^3 \) is a compact, simply connected 3-manifold without boundary. After the work of Moise [1952] and Bing [1959] \( M^3 \) possesses a triangulation. The Poincaré conjecture [1904] states that every homotopy 3-sphere \( M^3 \) is a 3-sphere. In this paper we prove three theorems, related to the Poincaré conjecture, about maps of a 3-sphere \( S^3 \) onto \( M^3 \) and about 1- and 2-spheres in \( M^3 \) .
@article {key219072m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {On homotopy 3-spheres},
JOURNAL = {Ill. J. Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics},
VOLUME = {10},
NUMBER = {1},
YEAR = {1966},
PAGES = {159--178},
URL = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ijm/1256055210},
NOTE = {Reprinted in \textit{Ill. J. Math.}
\textbf{60}:1 (2016). MR:219072. Zbl:0131.20704.},
ISSN = {0019-2082},
}
W. Haken :
“Trivial loops in homotopy 3-spheres ,”
Ill. J. Math.
11 : 4
(1967 ),
pp. 547–554 .
MR
219073
Zbl
0153.25703
article
BibTeX
@article {key219073m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Trivial loops in homotopy 3-spheres},
JOURNAL = {Ill. J. Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics},
VOLUME = {11},
NUMBER = {4},
YEAR = {1967},
PAGES = {547--554},
URL = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ijm/1256054445},
NOTE = {MR:219073. Zbl:0153.25703.},
ISSN = {0019-2082},
}
W. Haken :
“Algebraically trivial decompositions of homotopy 3-spheres ,”
Ill. J. Math.
12 : 1
(1968 ),
pp. 133–170 .
MR
222902
Zbl
0171.22302
article
BibTeX
@article {key222902m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Algebraically trivial decompositions
of homotopy 3-spheres},
JOURNAL = {Ill. J. Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics},
VOLUME = {12},
NUMBER = {1},
YEAR = {1968},
PAGES = {133--170},
URL = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ijm/1256054324},
NOTE = {MR:222902. Zbl:0171.22302.},
ISSN = {0019-2082},
}
W. Haken :
“Some results on surfaces in 3-manifolds ,”
pp. 39–98
in
Studies in modern topology .
Edited by P. J. Hilton .
MAA Studies in Mathematics 5 .
Prentice-Hall (Englewood Cliffs, NJ ),
1968 .
MR
224071
Zbl
0194.24902
incollection
People
BibTeX
@incollection {key224071m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Some results on surfaces in 3-manifolds},
BOOKTITLE = {Studies in modern topology},
EDITOR = {Hilton, P. J.},
SERIES = {MAA Studies in Mathematics},
NUMBER = {5},
PUBLISHER = {Prentice-Hall},
ADDRESS = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ},
YEAR = {1968},
PAGES = {39--98},
NOTE = {MR:224071. Zbl:0194.24902.},
ISSN = {0081-8208},
}
W. W. Boone, W. Haken, and V. Poénaru :
“On recursively unsolvable problems in topology and their classification ,”
pp. 37–74
in
Contributions to mathematical logic
(Hannover, Germany, August 1966 ).
Edited by H. A. Schmidt, K. Schütte, and H.-J. Thiele .
Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics 50 .
North-Holland (Amsterdam ),
1968 .
MR
263090
Zbl
0246.57015
incollection
Abstract
People
BibTeX
The present paper has been inspired by Markov [1958] on the unsolvability of the homeomorphism problem. We shall show that certain familiar decision problems in topology, in dimension \( \geq 4 \) , are recursively unsolvable, in the strong sense that these problems can be taken to be of any preassigned, recursively enumerable degree of unsolvability.
We have tried to make this paper accessible to both logicians and topologists. For this reason, we have recalled many familiar definitions, and we have carried out some of the proofs in more detail than would be necessary for a reader familiar with the techniques applied.
@incollection {key263090m,
AUTHOR = {Boone, W. W. and Haken, W. and Po\'enaru,
V.},
TITLE = {On recursively unsolvable problems in
topology and their classification},
BOOKTITLE = {Contributions to mathematical logic},
EDITOR = {Schmidt, H. Arnold and Sch\"utte, Kurt
and Thiele, H.-J.},
SERIES = {Studies in Logic and the Foundations
of Mathematics},
NUMBER = {50},
PUBLISHER = {North-Holland},
ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
YEAR = {1968},
PAGES = {37--74},
DOI = {10.1016/S0049-237X(08)70518-4},
NOTE = {(Hannover, Germany, August 1966). MR:263090.
Zbl:0246.57015.},
ISSN = {0049-237X},
ISBN = {9780444534149},
}
W. Haken :
“Various aspects of the three-dimensional Poincaré problem ,”
pp. 140–152
in
Topology of manifolds
(Athens, GA, 11–22 August 1969 ).
Edited by J. C. Cantrell and C. H. Edwards .
Markham (Chicago ),
1970 .
MR
273624
Zbl
0298.55002
incollection
People
BibTeX
@incollection {key273624m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Various aspects of the three-dimensional
{P}oincar\'e problem},
BOOKTITLE = {Topology of manifolds},
EDITOR = {Cantrell, J. C. and Edwards, C. H.},
PUBLISHER = {Markham},
ADDRESS = {Chicago},
YEAR = {1970},
PAGES = {140--152},
NOTE = {(Athens, GA, 11--22 August 1969). MR:273624.
Zbl:0298.55002.},
ISBN = {9780841010185},
}
W. Haken :
“An existence theorem for planar maps ,”
J. Comb. Theory Ser. B
14 : 2
(April 1973 ),
pp. 180–184 .
MR
314675
Zbl
0259.05103
article
Abstract
BibTeX
The main result of this paper is a theorem concerning possible cubic maps on the plane or sphere. The dual approach of spherical triangulations will be used. Every such triangulation must contain a vertex of degree less than 8 and other than 5, or else contain one of a list of 5 configurations. Due to the occurrence of these five configurations in four color reduction arguments, this implies that a minimal five color map must have at least one face with six or seven neighbors. The theorem is given in [Heesch 1969], but the proof here is much shorter, due to a modification of Heesch’s principle of “discharging”. The principle itself is obtained by exploiting the Euler formula, and should be compared with the theory of Euler contributions as developed by Ore in [1967], and by Ore and Stemple [1970].
@article {key314675m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {An existence theorem for planar maps},
JOURNAL = {J. Comb. Theory Ser. B},
FJOURNAL = {Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series
B},
VOLUME = {14},
NUMBER = {2},
MONTH = {April},
YEAR = {1973},
PAGES = {180--184},
DOI = {10.1016/0095-8956(73)90062-2},
NOTE = {MR:314675. Zbl:0259.05103.},
}
W. Haken :
“Connections between topological and group theoretical decision problems ,”
pp. 427–441
in
Word problems: Decision problems and the Burnside problem in group theory
(Irvine, CA, September 1969 ).
Edited by W. W. Boone, R. C. Lyndon, and F. B. Cannonito .
Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics 71 .
North-Holland (Amsterdam ),
1973 .
Conference dedicated to Hanna Neumann.
MR
397736
Zbl
0265.02033
incollection
Abstract
People
BibTeX
This chapter discusses connections between topological and group theoretical decision problems. The chapter provides the logician with a brief survey concerning results and open questions on decision problems in topology and their relations to group theoretic decision problems. Usually topological decision problems are concerned with finite simplicial complexes. Such complexes can be described (up to isomorphism) by their incidence matrices that are finite matrices with integral entries. The chapter also discusses homeomorphism problems, isomorphism problems of fundamental groups, unsolvability results, solvability results, and some open decision problems. The chapter discusses the sufficiently largeness problem for 3-manifolds.
@incollection {key397736m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Connections between topological and
group theoretical decision problems},
BOOKTITLE = {Word problems: {D}ecision problems and
the {B}urnside problem in group theory},
EDITOR = {Boone, W. W. and Lyndon, R. C. and Cannonito,
F. B.},
SERIES = {Studies in Logic and the Foundations
of Mathematics},
NUMBER = {71},
PUBLISHER = {North-Holland},
ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
YEAR = {1973},
PAGES = {427--441},
DOI = {10.1016/S0049-237X(08)71911-6},
NOTE = {(Irvine, CA, September 1969). Conference
dedicated to Hanna Neumann. MR:397736.
Zbl:0265.02033.},
ISSN = {0049-237X},
ISBN = {9780720422719},
}
W. Haken :
“Some special presentations of homotopy 3-spheres ,”
pp. 97–107
in
Topology conference
(Blacksburg, VA, 22–24 March 1973 ).
Edited by H. F. Dickman, Jr. and P. Fletcher .
Lecture Notes in Mathematics 375 .
Springer (Berlin ),
1974 .
MR
356054
Zbl
0289.55003
incollection
People
BibTeX
@incollection {key356054m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Some special presentations of homotopy
3-spheres},
BOOKTITLE = {Topology conference},
EDITOR = {Dickman, Jr., H. F. and Fletcher, P.},
SERIES = {Lecture Notes in Mathematics},
NUMBER = {375},
PUBLISHER = {Springer},
ADDRESS = {Berlin},
YEAR = {1974},
PAGES = {97--107},
DOI = {10.1007/BFb0064015},
NOTE = {(Blacksburg, VA, 22--24 March 1973).
MR:356054. Zbl:0289.55003.},
ISSN = {0075-8434},
ISBN = {9783540066842},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
“The existence of unavoidable sets of geographically good configurations ,”
Ill. J. Math.
20 : 2
(1976 ),
pp. 218–297 .
MR
392641
Zbl
0322.05141
article
Abstract
People
BibTeX
A set of configurations is unavoidable if every planar map contains at least one element of the set. A configuration \( \mathscr{C} \) is called geographically good if whenever a member country \( M \) of \( \mathscr{C} \) has any three neighbors \( N_1 \) , \( N_2 \) , \( N_3 \) which are not members of \( \mathscr{C} \) then \( N_1 \) , \( N_2 \) , \( N_3 \) are consecutive (in some order) about \( M \) .
The main result is a constructive proof that there exist finite unavoidable sets of geographically good configurations. This result is the first step in an investigation of an approach towards the Four Color Conjecture.
@article {key392641m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, K. and Haken, W.},
TITLE = {The existence of unavoidable sets of
geographically good configurations},
JOURNAL = {Ill. J. Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics},
VOLUME = {20},
NUMBER = {2},
YEAR = {1976},
PAGES = {218--297},
URL = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ijm/1256049898},
NOTE = {MR:392641. Zbl:0322.05141.},
ISSN = {0019-2082},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
“Every planar map is four colorable ,”
Bull. Am. Math. Soc.
82 : 5
(September 1976 ),
pp. 711–712 .
MR
424602
Zbl
0331.05106
article
Abstract
People
BibTeX
@article {key424602m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, K. and Haken, W.},
TITLE = {Every planar map is four colorable},
JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Math. Soc.},
FJOURNAL = {Bulletin of the American Mathematical
Society},
VOLUME = {82},
NUMBER = {5},
MONTH = {September},
YEAR = {1976},
PAGES = {711--712},
DOI = {10.1090/S0002-9904-1976-14122-5},
NOTE = {MR:424602. Zbl:0331.05106.},
ISSN = {0002-9904},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
“A proof of the four color theorem ,”
Discrete Math.
16 : 2
(October 1976 ),
pp. 179–180 .
MR
543791
Zbl
0339.05109
article
Abstract
People
BibTeX
@article {key543791m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, K. and Haken, W.},
TITLE = {A proof of the four color theorem},
JOURNAL = {Discrete Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Discrete Mathematics},
VOLUME = {16},
NUMBER = {2},
MONTH = {October},
YEAR = {1976},
PAGES = {179--180},
DOI = {10.1016/0012-365X(76)90147-3},
NOTE = {MR:543791. Zbl:0339.05109.},
ISSN = {0012-365X},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
“Every planar map is four colorable ,”
J. Recreat. Math.
9 : 3
(1976–1977 ),
pp. 161–169 .
MR
543797
Zbl
0357.05043
article
People
BibTeX
@article {key543797m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, Kenneth and Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Every planar map is four colorable},
JOURNAL = {J. Recreat. Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Journal of Recreational Mathematics},
VOLUME = {9},
NUMBER = {3},
YEAR = {1976--1977},
PAGES = {161--169},
NOTE = {MR:543797. Zbl:0357.05043.},
ISSN = {0022-412x},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
“Every planar map is four colorable, I: Discharging ,”
Ill. J. Math.
21 : 3
(1977 ),
pp. 429–490 .
A microfiche supplement to both parts was published in Ill. J. Math. 21 :3 (1977) .
MR
543792
Zbl
0387.05009
article
Abstract
People
BibTeX
We begin by describing, in chronological order, the earlier results which led to the work of this paper. The proof of the Four Color Theorem requires the results of Sections 2 and 3 of this paper and the reducibility results of Part II. Sections 4 and 5 will be devoted to an attempt to explain the difficulties of the Four Color Problem and the unusual nature of the proof.
@article {key543792m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, K. and Haken, W.},
TITLE = {Every planar map is four colorable,
{I}: {D}ischarging},
JOURNAL = {Ill. J. Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {3},
YEAR = {1977},
PAGES = {429--490},
URL = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ijm/1256049011},
NOTE = {A microfiche supplement to both parts
was published in \textit{Ill. J. Math.}
\textbf{21}:3 (1977). MR:543792. Zbl:0387.05009.},
ISSN = {0019-2082},
}
K. Appel, W. Haken, and J. Koch :
“Every planar map is four colorable, II: Reducibility ,”
Ill. J. Math.
21 : 3
(1977 ),
pp. 491–567 .
A microfiche supplement to both parts was published in Ill. J. Math. 21 :3 (1977) .
MR
543793
Zbl
0387.05010
article
Abstract
People
BibTeX
In Part I of this paper, a discharging procedure is defined which yields the unavoidability (in planar triangulations) of a set \( \mathscr{U} \) of configurations of ring size fourteen or less. In this part, \( \mathscr{U} \) is presented (as Table \( \mathscr{U} \) consisting of Figures 1–63) together with a discussion of the reducibility proofs of its members.
@article {key543793m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, K. and Haken, W. and Koch, J.},
TITLE = {Every planar map is four colorable,
{II}: {R}educibility},
JOURNAL = {Ill. J. Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {3},
YEAR = {1977},
PAGES = {491--567},
URL = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ijm/1256049012},
NOTE = {A microfiche supplement to both parts
was published in \textit{Ill. J. Math.}
\textbf{21}:3 (1977). MR:543793. Zbl:0387.05010.},
ISSN = {0019-2082},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
“The class check lists corresponding to the supplement to ‘Every planar map is four colorable. Part I and Part II’ ,”
Ill. J. Math.
21 : 3
(1977 ),
pp. C1–C210 .
Microfiche supplement.
Extra material to accompany the supplement published in Ill. J. Math. 21 :3 (1977) .
MR
543794
article
People
BibTeX
@article {key543794m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, K. and Haken, W.},
TITLE = {The class check lists corresponding
to the supplement to ``{E}very planar
map is four colorable. {P}art {I} and
{P}art {II}''},
JOURNAL = {Ill. J. Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {3},
YEAR = {1977},
PAGES = {C1--C210},
NOTE = {Microfiche supplement. Extra material
to accompany the supplement published
in \textit{Ill. J. Math.} \textbf{21}:3
(1977). MR:543794.},
ISSN = {0019-2082},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
“Microfiche supplement to ‘Every planar map is four colorable. Part I and Part II’ ,”
Ill. J. Math.
21 : 3
(1977 ),
pp. 1–251 .
Microfiche supplement.
Supplement to the two part article published as Ill. J. Math. 21 :3 (1977) and Ill. J. Math. 21 :3 (1977) . A class check list was also published as Ill. J. Math. 21 :3 (1977) .
MR
543795
article
People
BibTeX
@article {key543795m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, K. and Haken, W.},
TITLE = {Microfiche supplement to ``{E}very planar
map is four colorable. {P}art {I} and
{P}art {II}''},
JOURNAL = {Ill. J. Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {3},
YEAR = {1977},
PAGES = {1--251},
URL = {https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ijm/1256049023},
NOTE = {Microfiche supplement. Supplement to
the two part article published as \textit{Ill.
J. Math.} \textbf{21}:3 (1977) and \textit{Ill.
J. Math.} \textbf{21}:3 (1977). A class
check list was also published as \textit{Ill.
J. Math.} \textbf{21}:3 (1977). MR:543795.},
ISSN = {0019-2082},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
“The solution of the four-color-map problem ,”
Sci. Amer.
237 : 4
(October 1977 ),
pp. 108–121 .
MR
543796
article
Abstract
People
BibTeX
@article {key543796m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, Kenneth and Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {The solution of the four-color-map problem},
JOURNAL = {Sci. Amer.},
FJOURNAL = {Scientific American},
VOLUME = {237},
NUMBER = {4},
MONTH = {October},
YEAR = {1977},
PAGES = {108--121},
DOI = {10.1038/scientificamerican1077-108},
URL = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24953967},
NOTE = {MR:543796.},
ISSN = {0036-8733},
}
W. Haken :
“An attempt to understand the four color problem ,”
J. Graph Theory
1 : 3
(1977 ),
pp. 193–206 .
MR
543799
Zbl
0387.05011
article
Abstract
BibTeX
Is the recently obtained, computer-aided proof of the Four Color Theorem an isolated phenomenon or is its combinatorial complexity typical for a significantly large class of mathematical problems? While it is too early to give a definite answer to this question, an informal discussion is undertaken in this article.
@article {key543799m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {An attempt to understand the four color
problem},
JOURNAL = {J. Graph Theory},
FJOURNAL = {Journal of Graph Theory},
VOLUME = {1},
NUMBER = {3},
YEAR = {1977},
PAGES = {193--206},
DOI = {10.1002/jgt.3190010304},
NOTE = {MR:543799. Zbl:0387.05011.},
ISSN = {0364-9024},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
“The four-color problem ,”
pp. 153–180
in
Mathematics today: Twelve informal essays .
Edited by L. A. Steen .
Springer (Berlin ),
1978 .
incollection
People
BibTeX
@incollection {key80470812,
AUTHOR = {K. Appel and W. Haken},
TITLE = {The four-color problem},
BOOKTITLE = {Mathematics today: Twelve informal essays},
EDITOR = {L. A. Steen},
PUBLISHER = {Springer},
ADDRESS = {Berlin},
YEAR = {1978},
PAGES = {153--180},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
“An unavoidable set of configurations in planar triangulations ,”
J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B
26 : 1
(February 1979 ),
pp. 1–21 .
MR
525813
Zbl
0407.05035
article
Abstract
People
BibTeX
@article {key525813m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, K. and Haken, W.},
TITLE = {An unavoidable set of configurations
in planar triangulations},
JOURNAL = {J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B},
FJOURNAL = {Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series
B},
VOLUME = {26},
NUMBER = {1},
MONTH = {February},
YEAR = {1979},
PAGES = {1--21},
DOI = {10.1016/0095-8956(79)90038-8},
NOTE = {MR:525813. Zbl:0407.05035.},
ISSN = {0095-8956},
}
K. Appel, W. Haken, and J. Mayer :
“Triangulation à \( v_5 \) séparés dans le problème des quatre couleurs ”
[Separated triangulation of \( v_5 \) in the four-color problem ],
J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B
27 : 2
(October 1979 ),
pp. 130–150 .
MR
546856
Zbl
0344.05113
article
Abstract
People
BibTeX
Considérant la notion classique minimal planaire 5-chromatique, les auteurs étudient les triangulations du plan dont tons les sommets sont de degré \( \geq 5 \) et dont les sommets de degré 5 sont séparés (aucune arete ne retie deux sommets de degré 5); its prouvent qu’un graphe minimal comporte nécessairement une arête 5-5. L’article présente: 1) une démonstration fondée sur un ensemble minimum de 14 configurations réductibles, 2) une demonstration fondée sur un algorithme applicable au cas général.
@article {key546856m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, Kenneth and Haken, Wolfgang and
Mayer, Jean},
TITLE = {Triangulation \`a \$v_5\$ s\'epar\'es
dans le probl\`eme des quatre couleurs
[Separated triangulation of \$v_5\$ in
the four-color problem]},
JOURNAL = {J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B},
FJOURNAL = {Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series
B},
VOLUME = {27},
NUMBER = {2},
MONTH = {October},
YEAR = {1979},
PAGES = {130--150},
DOI = {10.1016/0095-8956(79)90075-3},
NOTE = {MR:546856. Zbl:0344.05113.},
ISSN = {0095-8956},
}
K. I. Appel :
“Un nouveau type de preuve mathématique. Le théorème des quatre couleurs, II ”
[A new type of mathematical proof: The four-color theorem, II ],
Publ. Dép. Math., Lyon
16 : 3–4
(1979 ),
pp. 81–88 .
In collaboration with W. Haken.
MR
602656
Zbl
0455.05031
article
People
BibTeX
@article {key602656m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, K. I.},
TITLE = {Un nouveau type de preuve math\'ematique.
{L}e th\'eor\`eme des quatre couleurs,
{II} [A new type of mathematical proof:
{T}he four-color theorem, {II}]},
JOURNAL = {Publ. D\'ep. Math., Lyon},
FJOURNAL = {Publications du D\'epartement de Math\'ematiques.
Facult\'e des Sciences de Lyon},
VOLUME = {16},
NUMBER = {3--4},
YEAR = {1979},
PAGES = {81--88},
URL = {http://www.numdam.org/item/PDML_1979__16_3-4_81_0/},
NOTE = {In collaboration with W. Haken. MR:602656.
Zbl:0455.05031.},
ISSN = {0076-1056},
}
W. Haken :
“Combinatorial aspects of some mathematical problems ,”
pp. 953–961
in
Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians
(Helsinki, 15–23 August 1978 ),
vol. 2 .
Edited by O. Lehto .
University of Helsinki ,
1980 .
MR
562712
Zbl
0424.05030
incollection
People
BibTeX
@incollection {key562712m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Combinatorial aspects of some mathematical
problems},
BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the {I}nternational {C}ongress
of {M}athematicians},
EDITOR = {Lehto, Olli},
VOLUME = {2},
PUBLISHER = {University of Helsinki},
YEAR = {1980},
PAGES = {953--961},
URL = {https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/ICM/Proceedings/ICM1978.2/ICM1978.2.ocr.pdf},
NOTE = {(Helsinki, 15--23 August 1978). MR:562712.
Zbl:0424.05030.},
ISBN = {9789514103520},
}
W. Haken :
“Controversial questions about mathematics ,”
Math. Intell.
3 : 3
(September 1981 ),
pp. 117–120 .
MR
642129
Zbl
0483.01017
article
BibTeX
@article {key642129m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Controversial questions about mathematics},
JOURNAL = {Math. Intell.},
FJOURNAL = {The Mathematical Intelligencer},
VOLUME = {3},
NUMBER = {3},
MONTH = {September},
YEAR = {1981},
PAGES = {117--120},
DOI = {10.1007/BF03022865},
NOTE = {MR:642129. Zbl:0483.01017.},
ISSN = {0343-6993},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
“The four color proof suffices ,”
Math. Intell.
8 : 1
(1986 ),
pp. 10–20 .
MR
823216
Zbl
0578.05022
article
People
BibTeX
@article {key823216m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, K. and Haken, W.},
TITLE = {The four color proof suffices},
JOURNAL = {Math. Intell.},
FJOURNAL = {The Mathematical Intelligencer},
VOLUME = {8},
NUMBER = {1},
YEAR = {1986},
PAGES = {10--20},
DOI = {10.1007/BF03023914},
NOTE = {MR:823216. Zbl:0578.05022.},
ISSN = {0343-6993},
}
K. Appel and W. Haken :
Every planar map is four colorable .
Contemporary Mathematics 98 .
American Mathematical Society (Providence, RI ),
1989 .
With the collaboration of J. Koch.
MR
1025335
Zbl
0681.05027
book
People
BibTeX
@book {key1025335m,
AUTHOR = {Appel, Kenneth and Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {Every planar map is four colorable},
SERIES = {Contemporary Mathematics},
NUMBER = {98},
PUBLISHER = {American Mathematical Society},
ADDRESS = {Providence, RI},
YEAR = {1989},
PAGES = {xvi+741},
DOI = {10.1090/conm/098},
NOTE = {With the collaboration of J. Koch. MR:1025335.
Zbl:0681.05027.},
ISSN = {0271-4132},
ISBN = {9780821851036},
}
W. Haken :
“On homotopy 3-spheres ,”
Ill. J. Math.
60 : 1
(2016 ),
pp. xi–xxxvi .
The final six pages are unnumbered.
Reprint of article published in Ill. J. Math. 10 :1 (1966) .
MR
3665169
Zbl
1370.57003
article
Abstract
BibTeX
A homotopy 3-sphere \( M^3 \) is a compact, simply connected 3-manifold without boundary. After the work of Moise [1952] and Bing [1959] \( M^3 \) possesses a triangulation. The Poincaré conjecture [1904] states that every homotopy 3-sphere \( M^3 \) is a 3-sphere. In this paper we prove three theorems, related to the Poincaré conjecture, about maps of a 3-sphere \( S^3 \) onto \( M^3 \) and about 1- and 2-spheres in \( M^3 \) .
@article {key3665169m,
AUTHOR = {Haken, Wolfgang},
TITLE = {On homotopy 3-spheres},
JOURNAL = {Ill. J. Math.},
FJOURNAL = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics},
VOLUME = {60},
NUMBER = {1},
YEAR = {2016},
PAGES = {xi--xxxvi},
URL = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ijm/1498032020},
NOTE = {The final six pages are unnumbered.
. Reprint of article published in \textit{Ill.
J. Math.} \textbf{10}:1 (1966). MR:3665169.
Zbl:1370.57003.},
ISSN = {0019-2082},
}